One of the most recognizable and important historical sites in the United Kingdom is The Tower of London. Situated on the banks of the River Thames, this formidable fortress has served various purposes over its nearly 1,000-year history, from a royal palace and a prison to an armoury and the home of the Crown Jewels. A visit to the Tower of London offers tourists a fascinating glimpse into England’s tumultuous past, filled with tales of kings, queens, and infamous prisoners.
A Brief History of the Tower of London
The Tower of London was founded by William the Conqueror in 1066 as part of his efforts to fortify his rule over England following the Norman Conquest. The central White Tower, which gives the entire complex its name, was completed by 1078 and served as a symbol of Norman power. Over the centuries, the Tower expanded, with successive monarchs adding walls, towers, and other structures.
The Tower has played many roles throughout its history. It was a royal residence, particularly in its early years, but it became more famous as a prison, housing high-profile inmates such as Anne Boleyn, Sir Thomas More, and even Elizabeth I before she became queen. The Tower was also the site of numerous executions, with some of the most famous taking place on Tower Green.
Key Attractions at the Tower of London
- The Crown Jewels
One of the main draws of the Tower of London is the spectacular display of the Crown Jewels. These are some of the most valuable and historically significant items in the British monarchy’s collection, including the Imperial State Crown, worn by the monarch at the State Opening of Parliament, and the Sovereign’s Sceptre, which contains the largest clear-cut diamond in the world, the Cullinan I.
The Crown Jewels have been kept at the Tower since the 17th century, and they are still used in royal ceremonies today. Visitors can view the collection in the Jewel House, where the glittering crowns, swords, orbs, and other regalia are displayed under heavy security.
- The White Tower
The White Tower is the oldest and most central part of the Tower of London. Built by William the Conqueror, this massive stone structure was intended to be both a defensive stronghold and a symbol of the Norman king’s power. The White Tower now houses the Royal Armouries collections, including displays of arms and Armor from throughout history.
One of the most famous exhibits is the Line of Kings, which features the Armor of past monarchs, including Henry VIII. The Chapel of St. John the Evangelist, located within the White Tower, is a stunning example of Norman architecture and one of the oldest surviving church interiors in London.
- The Medieval Palace
The Tower of London was once a royal residence, and visitors can explore the Medieval Palace to get a sense of what life was like for the monarchs who lived here. The palace includes reconstructions of rooms used by medieval kings and queens, complete with period furnishings and decorations.
You can walk through the St. Thomas’s Tower, Wakefield Tower, and Lanthorn Tower, where you’ll find displays that recreate the opulence of royal life in the 13th and 14th centuries. Highlights include the bedchamber of Edward I and the throne room, where you can see how medieval rulers would have conducted their business.
- The Bloody Tower
The Bloody Tower has a dark and mysterious history, earning its name from the supposed murder of the “Princes in the Tower,” Edward V and his younger brother Richard, Duke of York, who were imprisoned here and disappeared under suspicious circumstances in 1483. The story of their disappearance remains one of England’s greatest historical mysteries.
The Bloody Tower has also housed other notable prisoners, including Sir Walter Raleigh, who was held there for 13 years. Visitors can see the small rooms where Raleigh lived, wrote, and even conducted experiments during his imprisonment.
- The Yeoman Warders (Beefeaters)
No visit to the Tower of London is complete without meeting the Yeoman Warders, commonly known as Beefeaters. These ceremonial guards have been protecting the Tower for centuries, and today they also serve as tour guides. The Yeoman Warders offer entertaining and informative tours, filled with historical anecdotes, legends, and even a bit of humour.
The Beefeaters are instantly recognizable by their traditional Tudor uniforms, and they are happy to pose for photos with visitors. They also take part in the Ceremony of the Keys, a nightly ritual that has been performed for over 700 years, symbolizing the locking of the Tower for the night.
- Tower Green and the Scaffold Site
Tower Green is an area within the Tower of London where several high-profile executions took place, including those of Anne Boleyn, Catherine Howard (both wives of Henry VIII), and Lady Jane Grey. Unlike the public executions that took place on nearby Tower Hill, these executions were conducted in private, reserved for those of noble birth.
A glass memorial marks the scaffold site, paying tribute to those who lost their lives there. The area has a sombre atmosphere, reminding visitors of the Tower’s often grim history.
- The Ravens
According to legend, the Tower of London must always have at least six resident ravens, as the presence of these birds is believed to protect the Crown and the Tower. Today, the Tower’s ravens are cared for by a dedicated Ravenmaster, and visitors can see them roaming freely around the grounds.
The ravens are a popular attraction, and their antics often amuse visitors. Each raven has its own name and personality, and they play an important role in the Tower’s history and mythology.
Visitor Information
- Location: The Tower of London is located on the north bank of the River Thames, in the heart of London, near Tower Bridge.
- Nearest Tube Station: The closest Underground station is Tower Hill, served by the Circle and District lines.
- Opening Hours: The Tower of London is generally open daily, with hours varying depending on the season. It is recommended to check the official website for the most up-to-date information before your visit.
- Admission: Tickets can be purchased online or at the Tower, with options for general admission and guided tours. It’s advisable to book in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons.
Nearby Attractions
The Tower of London’s central location makes it an excellent starting point for exploring other nearby attractions:
- Tower Bridge: Just a short walk away, Tower Bridge is one of London’s most famous landmarks. You can walk across the bridge, explore the exhibition inside, or visit the glass-floor walkway for a unique perspective of the Thames below.
- The Shard: The tallest building in the UK, The Shard offers stunning views of London from its observation deck, as well as dining and shopping opportunities.
- St. Katharine Docks: This historic marina is a lovely spot for a leisurely stroll, with restaurants, cafes, and shops lining the waterfront.
Final Thoughts
The Tower of London is a must-visit for anyone interested in English history, offering a compelling mix of royal grandeur, dark tales, and unique traditions. Whether you’re exploring the Crown Jewels, walking through ancient towers, or listening to the stories of the Beefeaters, a visit to the Tower of London is an immersive journey through the centuries.
As you wander through its grounds, you’ll be stepping into a world where history comes alive, where every stone has a story to tell. The Tower of London isn’t just a monument; it’s a living, breathing part of the city’s past and present, offering a truly unforgettable experience for all who visit.
For more accurate and authentic information, it is advisable to check the official website of the place of interest.