The Houses of Parliament, also known as the Palace of Westminster, is the meeting place of the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Nestled along the banks of the River Thames, this grand Gothic structure serves as the heart of British democracy, housing the two houses of Parliament: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. For tourists, visiting the Houses of Parliament offers a unique glimpse into the workings of the UK’s political system, as well as a chance to admire one of the most stunning pieces of architecture in the world.
A Brief History
The history of the Palace of Westminster is rich and complex, dating back to the 11th century. Originally, it was the primary residence of the kings of England, but after a fire in 1512, it became the home of Parliament. The current building, with its striking Gothic Revival architecture, was designed by Sir Charles Barry and Augustus Pugin after another devastating fire in 1834. Completed in 1870, the Palace of Westminster as we see it today is a symbol of British governance and heritage.
Architectural Marvel
The architecture of the Houses of Parliament is a masterpiece of the Gothic Revival style, characterized by its intricate stonework, pointed arches, and soaring spires. The building is adorned with statues of British monarchs and historical figures, and its many towers and turrets create a striking silhouette against the London skyline.
Big Ben, the most famous part of the complex, is actually the nickname for the Great Bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace. However, the tower itself was renamed the Elizabeth Tower in 2012 in honour of Queen Elizabeth II’s Diamond Jubilee. The clock tower is an iconic symbol of London and is recognized around the world for its accuracy and chimes.
Victoria Tower, at the south-west end of the Palace, is another impressive structure, originally built to house the records of Parliament. At 98 meters (323 feet), it is slightly taller than the Elizabeth Tower and flies the Union Flag when Parliament is in session.
The House of Commons and the House of Lords
Inside the Palace of Westminster, the two chambers—the House of Commons and the House of Lords—are where the UK’s elected and appointed officials debate and make laws.
- The House of Commons is where Members of Parliament (MPs) gather. The chamber is distinguished by its green benches and is where the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition face each other during debates and the weekly Prime Minister’s Questions. The atmosphere in the Commons is often lively and passionate, reflecting the democratic process in action.
- The House of Lords is the upper chamber, where appointed members, including life peers, bishops, and hereditary peers, review and suggest amendments to legislation proposed by the House of Commons. The Lords Chamber, with its red benches and ornate decorations, exudes a sense of tradition and continuity.
Touring the Houses of Parliament
For tourists, visiting the Houses of Parliament offers a fascinating insight into British politics and history. Several tour options are available, each offering a unique perspective on this historic institution.
- Guided Tours: Guided tours are available on Saturdays and during Parliament recesses, allowing you to explore the interiors of the Palace, including both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The tours are led by knowledgeable guides who provide detailed explanations of the building’s history, architecture, and the role it plays in British governance. Highlights of the tour include:
- Westminster Hall: The oldest part of the Palace, dating back to 1097. It has hosted significant historical events, including the trials of Guy Fawkes and King Charles I.
- The Central Lobby: The heart of the Palace, where MPs and Lords meet and where constituents can come to lobby their representatives.
- St. Stephen’s Hall: A richly decorated hall that commemorates the original St. Stephen’s Chapel, which was destroyed by the fire of 1834.
- The Commons and Lords Chambers: The heart of British parliamentary democracy.
- Audio Tours: Audio tours are available in several languages and offer a flexible way to explore the Palace at your own pace. The audio guide provides detailed commentary on the various rooms and features, along with historical context and interesting anecdotes.
- Attending a Debate: If you’re particularly interested in British politics, you can attend a live debate in either the House of Commons or the House of Lords. Watching a session from the public galleries is free, but seats are limited and allocated on a first-come, first-served basis. This experience allows you to see democracy in action and observe how laws are made and debated.
- The Elizabeth Tower and Big Ben Tour: Although currently closed for renovation (check for updates on reopening), tours of the Elizabeth Tower offer an incredible opportunity to climb the 334 steps to the top, where you can see the Great Bell (Big Ben) and enjoy panoramic views of London. The tour also includes a look at the clock mechanism and the history of the tower.
Practical Information for Visitors
- Location: The Palace of Westminster is located in the City of Westminster, central London, directly on the River Thames. The main entrance for tours is through Cromwell Green.
- Nearest Tube Station: Westminster Station (Jubilee, Circle, and District lines) is the closest Underground station, conveniently located right across the street from the Palace.
- Tickets: Tickets for tours can be purchased online or at the ticket office. It is advisable to book in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons.
- Opening Hours: Tour schedules vary depending on the Parliamentary calendar, with tours generally available on Saturdays and during recess periods. Attending debates is possible whenever Parliament is in session.
- Accessibility: The Houses of Parliament are accessible to visitors with disabilities. There are lifts and accessible toilets, and staff are available to assist. Audio guides are also available for visitors with visual impairments.
- Security: As a working government building, security is tight. Visitors will need to go through airport-style security screening, so it’s best to travel light.
Nearby Attractions
Given its central location, the Palace of Westminster is close to several other major attractions, making it easy to plan a full day of sightseeing. Westminster Abbey is just across the road and offers another deep dive into British history and culture. The Churchill War Rooms are also nearby, providing insight into the life and work of Winston Churchill during World War II. For a more scenic experience, you can take a walk along the Southbank of the River Thames or visit the London Eye for stunning views of the city.
Final Thoughts
Visiting the Houses of Parliament is a must for anyone interested in history, politics, or architecture. The building itself is a masterpiece, with its Gothic splendour and rich historical significance, and the chance to witness British democracy in action is an unforgettable experience. Whether you take a guided tour, explore with an audio guide, or attend a live debate, the Houses of Parliament offer a deep and engaging look at one of the world’s oldest parliamentary systems. The combination of architectural grandeur, historical depth, and political significance makes it an essential stop on any London itinerary.
For more accurate and authentic information, it is advisable to check the official website of the place of interest.